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Torgut Oirat : ウィキペディア英語版 | Torgut Oirat
Torgut (also known as Torghut or Torghud) is a dialect of the Oirat language spoken in Xinjiang, in western Mongolia and in eastern Kalmykia (where it was the basis for Kalmyk, the literary standard language of that region〔Bläsing 2003: 229〕). Thus, it has more speakers than any other variety of Oirat.〔Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 398〕 It is better researched than any other Oirat variety spoken in China.〔Bulaγ-a 2005: 11ff.〕 == Distribution ==
The Torgut dialect is spoken in Russia in Eastern Kalmykia,〔Svantesson et al. 2005: 148〕 in Bulgan sum in Khovd Province in Mongolia〔Coloo 1988: 3〕 and in the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang, mainly in three separate areas in its north-western part.〔Svantesson et al. 2005: 141〕 Sečenbaγatur et al. give an exhaustive list of the areas of Xinjiang where Oirat (in many cases Torgut) is spoken that also includes some places in north-eastern Xinjiang: the autonomous prefectures of Bayangol and Bortala, the counties Hoboksar and Dörbiljin and the city of Wusu in Tacheng Prefecture, the counties Küriye, Tekes and Nilka in the Ili Prefecture, the prefectures Altay, Hamil and Changji and Xinjiang's capital city, Ürümqi.〔Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 397. Sečenbaγatur et al. talk about the distribution of Oirat in China in general, but following Svantesson et al. 2005: 148, it is presumed here that Xinjiang Oirat is Torgut. Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 187-188 also point to the fact that the Oirat spoken in Xinjiang is separate in that it is less influenced by Mongolian proper than other dialects of Oirat spoken in China. In the above article, it was assumed that "Qaranusu" which is either a county or a city (Mongolian "siyen qota") is the original Mongolian name of "Wusu".〕 To some degree, this distribution can be associated with the history of the Torgut tribe, one of the four crucial members of the clan federation "Dörben Oirat".〔Bläsing 2003: 229, Birtalan 2003: 210〕
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